Extensible 3D (X3D)
Part 1: Architecture and base
components
28 Distributed interactive simulation (DIS) component
Extensible 3D (X3D)
Part 1: Architecture and base
components
28 Distributed interactive simulation (DIS) component
28.1 IntroductionThe name of this component is "DIS". This name shall be used when referring to this component in the COMPONENT statement (see 7.2.5.4 Component statement).
This clause describes the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) component of this International Standard. Table 28.1 provides links to the major topics in this clause.
28.2 ConceptsIEEE 1278 (see 2.[IEEE1278]) is an IEEE communications standard for physically based distributed simulations. Known by the name Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS), the standard defines the binary layout of a series of messages used to transmit simulation information. Often used by military applications, IEEE 1278 covers a wide range of data, including entity location, velocity, and orientation, and more obscure features such as electronic warfare and supply logistics. In addition to its original focus on military simulations, DIS is also used in civilian applications.
The DIS component consists of four X3D nodes: EspduTransform, ReceiverPdu, SignalPdu, and TransmitterPdu. Together, these nodes provide the means to send and receive DIS-compliant messages, called Protocol Data Units (PDUs), across the network. Together these nodes support seven DIS PDU message types: Collision, Detonate, Entity State, Fire, Receiver, Signal and Transmitter. Numerous other DIS PDUs are defined by the DIS protocol, but corresponding X3D mappings are not defined.
DIS messages are typically transmitted on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) (see [UDP]) sockets. Multicast, unicast or broadcast transport mechanisms may be used for network communications. Each of the X3D DIS nodes communicates via a UDP socket, usually multicast-enabled, and uses it to read and/or write DIS messages. These messages can be used to communicate and to modify both position and orientation of virtual entities in the X3D scene among multiple hosts across the network. Each DIS implementation is responsible for managing sockets. New entities are registered by the DIS node to send/receive network updates. "Entities" are a high-level abstraction; in the case of a position update, the actual X3D scene-graph object modified may be a Transform node (as for EspduTransform), and the geometry for an animated entity is contained in the corresponding children.
The DIS nodes have a number of descriptive fields in common relating to the desired behavior of the DIS node. Common fields include message header and content information conforming to the DIS standard, network status, and configuration data needed to establish or modify network communications. Since nodes in the DIS component can receive data from the network, these nodes are also sensors. Thus, these nodes implement the X3DSensorNode interface and include both enabled and isActive fields.
Common fields relating to description of the desired behavior of the DIS node are: isActive, timestamp, networkMode, isStandAlone, isNetworkReader, isNetworkWriter, readInterval, and writeInterval.
The isActive field indicates if the node has received a DIS message
(when output as TRUE) or not (when output as FALSE).
Since DIS entities can be considered inactive after some period of time
(typically five seconds) either event may be received by listening nodes.
The timestamp field provides the time (SFTime) at which the DIS message arrived, referenced to local system time.
The networkMode field indicates if the X3D DIS node is operating in one of three distinct ways: independently from the network, as a sender writing updates, or as a receiver reading updates.
standAlone only connects dynamic behavior
via local ROUTEs and does not send/receive PDUs to/from the network.
networkReader reads messages at
readInterval seconds from the network, which can modify fields in the
node upon receipt. In this mode, the entity geometry in the DIS node (e.g.
EspduTransform) acts as a remote copy of the entity that sent the PDUs.
networkWriter sends messages at
writeInterval seconds to the network. In this mode, the entity geometry
in the DIS node (e.g. EspduTransform) acts as the master copy of the entity
originating state updates. Fields isStandAlone, isNetworkReader, and
isNetworkWriter are respectively sent as appropriate TRUE or
FALSE events during initialization of the DIS node and whenever
networkMode is changed. These fields match the state of
networkMode. One and only one of these three fields can be TRUE at any
given time.
The readInterval field is a time in seconds between checking for receipt of DIS messages. Setting the readInterval to zero disables the reading of DIS messages. The writeInterval is a time in seconds between message transmissions by the node. Setting the writeInterval to zero disables the transmission of DIS messages by the node.
Common fields relating to standard identification of DIS entities are: siteID, applicationID, and entityID.
The siteID and applicationID fields are used to create the DIS PDU Simulation Address record. The intent for each simulation exercise is for each DIS site to be assigned a unique identifier, and each simulation application at a DIS site assigned an application identifier unique within that site. Both fields are 16-bit, unsigned numbers. A common practice is to assign the four octets of a participant's Internet Protocol (IP) host address to siteID. The entityID field further identifies the DIS entity that is the subject of the particular PDU (EXAMPLE an Entity State PDU to update the location and orientation of a particular simulation entity). The entityID is an unsigned, 16-bit number.
Each entity in a DIS application is assigned a triplet identifier (siteID, applicationID and entityID fields) that is unique across all entities in that application and in the particular exercise. The entity identifier triplet is valid for the duration of the exercise.
Common fields relating to DIS network communications are: address, port, multicastRelayHost, multicastRelayPort, rtpHeaderExpected and rtpHeaderHeard.
The address field identifies the multicast address for the message transmission (EXAMPLE "224.2.181.145" or "localhost"). The port field identifies the multicast port (EXAMPLE 62040) for sending or receiving DIS messages.
Fields multicastRelayHost, multicastRelayPort,
rtpHeaderExpected and rtpHeaderHeard provide networking extensions
to the IEEE DIS protocol (see
2.[IEEE1278])
intended to make DIS more compatible with Internet conventions for unicast and
multicast routing over wide-area networks (WANs). If wide-area multicast is
needed but not available locally, the multicastRelayHost and
multicastRelayPort fields are provided as a fallback server address and
associated port, used for creating a unicast tunnel connection to a
multicast-connected relay server. Field rtpHeaderExpected indicates that
the Real Time Protocol (see 2.[RFC1889]) header is
expected to be prepended to the DIS PDU message to be sent or received by the
node (when the field is set to TRUE. Field rtpHeaderHeard
indicates that the RTP header has been prepended to the incoming DIS message.
28.3 Node referenceThe following paragraphs describe the DIS component nodes.
EspduTransform: X3DGroupingNode, X3DSensorNode { MFNode [in] addChildren MFNode [in] removeChildren SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue1 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue2 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue3 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue4 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue5 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue6 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [in] set_articulationParameterValue7 (-∞,∞) SFString [in,out] address "localhost" SFInt32 [in,out] applicationID 1 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] articulationParameterCount 0 [0,78] MFInt32 [in,out] articulationParameterDesignatorArray [] [0,255] MFInt32 [in,out] articulationParameterChangeIndicatorArray [] [0,255] MFInt32 [in,out] articulationParameterIdPartAttachedToArray [] [0,65535] MFInt32 [in,out] articulationParameterTypeArray [] MFFloat [in,out] articulationParameterArray [] (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [in,out] center 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) MFNode [in,out] children [] SFInt32 [in,out] collisionType 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] deadReckoning 0 [0,255] SFVec3f [in,out] detonationLocation 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [in,out] detonationRelativeLocation 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] detonationResult 0 [0,255] SFBool [in,out] enabled TRUE SFInt32 [in,out] entityCategory 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] entityCountry 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] entityDomain 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] entityExtra 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] entityID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] entityKind 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] entitySpecific 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] entitySubCategory 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] eventApplicationID 1 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] eventEntityID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] eventNumber 0 [0,65355] SFInt32 [in,out] eventSiteID 0 [0,65535] SFBool [in,out] fired1 FALSE SFBool [in,out] fired2 FALSE SFInt32 [in,out] fireMissionIndex 0 [0,65535] SFFloat [in,out] firingRange 0.0 (0,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] firingRate 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] forceID 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] fuse 0 [0,65535] SFVec3f [in,out] linearVelocity 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [in,out] linearAcceleration 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFString [in,out] marking "" SFNode [in,out] metadata NULL [X3DMetadataObject] SFString [in,out] multicastRelayHost "" SFInt32 [in,out] multicastRelayPort 0 SFInt32 [in,out] munitionApplicationID 1 [0,65535] SFVec3f [in,out] munitionEndPoint 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] munitionEntityID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] munitionQuantity 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] munitionSiteID 0 [0,65535] SFVec3f [in,out] munitionStartPoint 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFString [in,out] networkMode "standAlone" ["standAlone" "networkReader" "networkWriter"] SFInt32 [in,out] port 0 [0,65535] SFTime [in,out] readInterval 0.1 [0,∞) SFRotation [in,out] rotation 0 0 1 0 (-∞,∞)|[-1,1] SFVec3f [in,out] scale 1 1 1 (-∞,∞) SFRotation [in,out] scaleOrientation 0 0 1 0 (-∞,∞)|[-1,1] SFInt32 [in,out] siteID 0 [0,65535] SFVec3f [in,out] translation 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] warhead 0 [0,65535] SFTime [in,out] writeInterval 1.0 [0,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue0_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue1_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue2_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue3_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue4_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue5_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue6_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFFloat [out] articulationParameterValue7_changed 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFTime [out] collideTime 0 [0,∞) SFTime [out] detonateTime 0 [0,∞) SFTime [out] firedTime 0 [0,∞) SFBool [out] isActive FALSE SFBool [out] isCollided FALSE SFBool [out] isDetonated FALSE SFBool [out] isNetworkReader FALSE SFBool [out] isNetworkWriter FALSE SFBool [out] isRtpHeaderHeard FALSE SFBool [out] isStandAlone FALSE SFTime [out] timestamp 0 [0,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxCenter 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxSize -1 -1 -1 [0,∞) or −1 −1 −1 SFBool [] rtpHeaderExpected FALSE }
EspduTransform is a Grouping node that can contain most nodes, and also implements the X3DBoundedObject interface. EspduTransform integrates functionality of the following DIS PDUs: EntityStatePDU, CollisionPDU, DetonatePDU, FirePDU, CreateEntity, and RemoveEntity. The following description identifies the fields of the EspduTransform node that are associated with the content of these PDUs.
As a Grouping node, EspduTransform has addChildren and removeChildren events to permit modification to the subordinate structure of the scene graph. The removeChildren event removes nodes from the EspduTransform's children field. Any nodes in the removeChildren event that are not in the EspduTransform's children list are ignored. Adding a node to the children field will add that node to the EspduTransform's set of children. Adding any node to the EspduTransform's children field that is already in that child list is illegal. Adding any node to the EspduTransform's children that is an ancestor of that grouping is illegal.
Fields in the EspduTransform node that were not previously described in 28.2.3 Common DIS fields are: translation, rotation, center, scale, scaleOrientation, bboxCenter, bboxSize, articulationParameterCount, articulationParameterDesignatorArray, articulationParameterChangeIndicatorArray, articulationParameterIdPartAttachedToArray, articulationParameterTypeArray, articulationParameterArray, set_articulationParameterValue0, set_articulationParameterValue1, set_articulationParameterValue2, set_articulationParameterValue3, set_articulationParameterValue4, set_articulationParameterValue5, set_articulationParameterValue6, set_articulationParameterValue7, articulationParameterValue0_changed, articulationParameterValue1_changed, articulationParameterValue2_changed, articulationParameterValue3_changed, articulationParameterValue4_changed, articulationParameterValue5_changed, articulationParameterValue6_changed, articulationParameterValue7_changed, marking, forceID, entityKind, entityDomain, entityCountry, entityCategory, entitySubCategory, entitySpecific, entityExtra, linearVelocity, linearAcceleration, deadReckoning, isCollided, collidedTime, eventApplicationID, eventSiteID, eventEntityID, collisionType, eventNumber, fired1, fired2, firedTime, munitionStartPoint, munitionEndPoint, fireMissionIndex, munitionApplicationID, munitionSiteID, munitionEntityID, warhead, fuse, munitionQuantity, firingRate, firingRange, isDetonated, detonateTime, detonationLocation, detonationRelativeLocation, and detonationResult.
The EntityStatePDU provides notification of a new position and orientation of an entity, which directly corresponds to the functionality of the X3D Transform node. The translation field corresponds to the new position in the DIS coordinate system. It is important to distinguish between the X3D coordinate system and the DIS coordinate system. If (x, y, z) are the coordinates of a point in the X3D coordinate system, corresponding DIS coordinates for the same point would be (x, −z, y). Note that only X3D coordinates are used by the X3D scene. The EspduTransform node internally performs all conversions to/from DIS coordinates when writing/reading DIS PDUs to/from the network.
The rotation field provides the rotation of the entity, where the rotation is performed relative to the value of the center field. The scale field provides scaling factors along the x, y, z axes, while the scaleOrientation field provides scaling factors for the specified rotation. The translation, rotation, scale, and center fields corresponds directly with functionality of the Transform node. The bboxCenter and bboxSize fields (of the X3DBoundedObject interface) specify the center and size, respectively, of a cube bounding the entity geometry contained in the EspduTransform grouping node, corresponding to the same fields of an X3D Transform node.
Articulation parameter inputOnly events and outputOnly events are provided for the articulationParameters array in order to enable simple routing of primary events of interest into (and out of) the array. As an example, if eight articulation parameters were needed for an EspduTransform controlling the movable parts of a race-car model, each of these articulation parameters might be individually routed as necessary. Events into (and out of) articulationParameter subscripts [8] through [78] are accomplished either by a separate Script node mechanism, or else by complete routing/replacement using an MFFloat event.The articulationParameterCount field (8-bit unsigned integer) indicates the number of parameters that are being used to describe articulation of various segments of the entity model. For example, the orientation of a turret together with the inclination of the gun for a tank entity may be described by two articulation parameters, or the orientation of various segments in a humanoid model may be provided by several articulation parameters. The maximum number of articulated parameter records in an Entity State PDU is constrained to 78 by the maximum length of a PDU.
For X3D authoring convenience in ROUTEing events to (or from) articulation parameters, the first eight articulation parameter values may be accessed by accessType inputOnly/outputOnly fields (set_articulationParameterValue0, ..., set_articulationParameterValue7 and articulationParameterValue0_changed, ..., articulationParameterValue7_changed).
Fields articulationParameterDesignatorArray, articulationParameterChangeIndicatorArray, articulationParameterIdPartAttachedToArray, articulationParameterTypeArray are arrays that correspond to additional values provided in each articulation parameter record. Elements in these arrays correspond to each articulation parameter in sequential order.
The marking field is a SFString value (with a maximum of 11 characters) corresponding to a selection from an enumerated set of markings in the DIS standard (for full compliance) or an arbitrary string for non-compliant applications using the EspduTransform node.
The forceID and entityKind fields are 8-bit identification enumerations. The entityDomain field (8-bit enumeration) identities the domain of operation of the entity (e.g. subsurface, surface, land), except for munition entities. For munition entities, this field specifies the domain of the target. The entityCountry field (16-bit enumeration) specifies the country to which the design of the entity is attributed. The entityCategory field (8-bit enumeration) identifies the main category that describes the entity. The entitySubCategory field (8-bit enumeration) specifies a subcategory based on the identified category value. The entitySpecific field (8-bit enumeration) provides specific information about the entity based on the identified subcategory field. The entityExtra field (8-bit enumeration) provides additional information about the entity. The DIS specification also allows identification of an Alternative Entity Type containing the same fields (Entity Kind, Domain, Country, Category, Subcategory, Specific, Extra) as described above.
Enumeration values are provided directly, or in additional references, as specified by IEEE 1278 (see 2.[IEEE1278]).
The linearVelocity and linearAcceleration fields provide the linear velocity and acceleration vectors, respectively, for dead reckoning calculations. The dead reckoning algorithm to be applied is identified in the deadReckoning field (8-bit enumeration).
The CollisionPDU is sent to notify an entity that a collision has occurred.
The issuing entity is identified in the entityID field described in
28.2.3
Common DIS fields. The isCollided field is a Boolean value
indicating if a collision (TRUE) has occurred. The
collideTime field gives the time (SFTime) at which the collision was
determined to have occurred. In a CollisionPDU message, the eventSiteID,
eventApplicationID, eventEntityID triplet uniquely identifies the
entity colliding with the issuing entity (when known). The collisionType
field (8-bit enumeration) identifies the type of collision that occurred.
The eventNumber field is set to one for each exercise and incremented by one for each fire event, collision event, or electromagnetic mission event.
The FirePDU notifies the simulation that an entity has fired a weapon. The
firing entity is identified in the entityID field described in
28.2.3
Common DIS fields. Field fired1 (set to TRUE) indicates the
primary weapon was fired; field fired2 (set to TRUE)
indicates the entity's secondary weapon was fired. The firedTime field
gives the time (SFTime) at which the firing occurred. Fields
munitionStartPoint and munitionEndPoint describe the path of the
munition from firing weapon to detonation or impact. The fireMissionIndex
field identifies the fire mission, if known. The firingRange field
specifies the range (in meters) that an entity's fire control system has assumed
in computing the fire control solution.
In a FirePDU message, the EventSiteID, EventApplicationID, EventEntityID triplet uniquely identifies the target entity, when known. For the FirePDU and DetonatePDU messages, the munitionSiteID, munitionApplicationID, munitionEntityID triplet uniquely identifies the munition entity (if known).
The FirePDU and DetonatePDU messages provide burst descriptor information in the warhead (16-bit enumeration), fuse (16-bit enumeration), munitionQuantity (16-bit unsigned integer), and firingRate (16-bit unsigned integer) fields.
The DetonatePDU provides notification that a munition has detonated or
impacted so that other entities can determine possible damage from the
detonation. The detonated field indicates if detonation has occurred
(TRUE). The detonateTime field gives the time (SFTime) at
which the detonation is determined to have occurred. This enables other entities
to determine their position relative to the detonation at the time the
detonation occurred.
The DetonatePDU provides the detonationLocation in world coordinates, as well as the detonationRelativeLocation, the location of the detonation or impact in the target entity's coordinate system. The detonationResult field (8-bit enumeration) provides information on the outcome of the detonation event.
The CreateEntityPDU notifies other entities of a new entity in the simulation. The siteID, applicationID, entityID triplet described in 28.2.3 Common DIS fields, uniquely identifies the new entity. A CreateEntityPdu is sent upon startup or creation of a new entity.
The RemoveEntityPDU notifies other entities of the removal of an entity from the simulation. The siteID, applicationID, entityID triplet described in 28.2.3 Common DIS fields, uniquely identifies the entity to be removed. A RemoveEntityPDU is sent upon shutdown or removal of an existing entity.
ReceiverPdu: X3DSensorNode, X3DBoundedObject { SFString [in,out] address "localhost" SFInt32 [in,out] applicationID 1 [0,65535] SFBool [in,out] enabled TRUE SFInt32 [in,out] entityID 0 [0,65535] SFNode [in,out] metadata NULL [X3DMetadataObject] SFString [in,out] multicastRelayHost "" SFInt32 [in,out] multicastRelayPort 0 SFString [in,out] networkMode "standAlone" ["standAlone" "networkReader" "networkWriter"] SFInt32 [in,out] port 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] radioID 0 [0,65535] SFFloat [in,out] readInterval 0.1 [0,∞) SFFloat [in,out] receivedPower 0.0 [0,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] receiverState 0 [0,65535] SFBool [in,out] rtpHeaderExpected FALSE SFInt32 [in,out] siteID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] transmitterApplicationID 1 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] transmitterEntityID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] transmitterRadioID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] transmitterSiteID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] whichGeometry 1 [-1,∞) SFFloat [in,out] writeInterval 1.0 [0,∞) SFBool [out] isActive FALSE SFBool [out] isNetworkReader FALSE SFBool [out] isNetworkWriter FALSE SFBool [out] isRtpHeaderHeard FALSE SFBool [out] isStandAlone FALSE SFTime [out] timestamp 0 SFVec3f [] bboxCenter 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxSize -1 -1 -1 [0,∞) [0,∞) [0,∞) or −1 −1 −1 }
ReceiverPdu is an X3DChildNode node, and also implements the X3DBoundedObject interface. The ReceiverPdu transmits the state of radio frequency (RF) receivers modeled in the simulation. Fields in the ReceiverPdu node that were not previously described in Common DIS Fields are: whichGeometry, radioID, receivedPower, receiverState, transmitterSiteID, transmitterApplicationID, transmitterEntityID, and transmitterRadioID.
The radioID field (16-bit unsigned integer) identifies a particular radio within a given entity (entityID). The radioID is assigned sequentially, starting with 1. The combination of Entity ID and Radio ID uniquely identify a radio within a simulation exercise. The receivedPower field (32-bit flowing point) indicates the RF power received, after applying any propagation loss and antenna gain. The field value is in units of decibel-milliwatts (dBm). The receiverState (16-bit enumeration) indicates if the receiver is currently idle or busy via one of the following enumerated values:
0 = off;
1 = on but not receiving;
2 = on and receiving.
The transmitterEntityID (16-bit unsigned integer) identifies the transmitter entity that has emitted the signal being received. The transmitterRadioID field (16-bit unsigned integer) identifies the particular radio within the transmitter entity (transmitterEntityID).
The transmitterSiteID field (16-bit unsigned integer) provides the unique DIS site identifier for the transmitter entity. The transmitterApplicationID (16-bit unsigned integer) provides the application identifier for the transmitter entity that is unique within the DIS site (transmitterSiteID).
The whichGeometry field indicates to the rendering software what geometry to draw for the receiverPdu node: −1 for no geometry; 0 for text trace; 1 for default geometry for this node. Additional alternative geometry modes may optionally be supported by browsers. Lack of support for higher modes reverts to whichGeometry value of 1.
The bboxCenter and bboxSize fields (of the X3DBoundedObject interface) specify the center and size, respectively, of a cube bounding the display geometry (if any) for this node.
SignalPdu: X3DSensorNode, X3DBoundedObject { SFString [in,out] address "localhost" SFInt32 [in,out] applicationID 1 [0,65535] MFInt32 [in,out] data [] [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] dataLength 0 [0,65535] SFBool [in,out] enabled TRUE SFInt32 [in,out] encodingScheme 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] entityID 0 [0,65535] SFNode [in,out] metadata NULL [X3DMetadataObject] SFString [in,out] multicastRelayHost "" SFInt32 [in,out] multicastRelayPort 0 SFString [in,out] networkMode "standAlone" ["standAlone" "networkReader" "networkWriter"] SFInt32 [in,out] port 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] radioID 0 [0,65535] SFFloat [in,out] readInterval 0.1 [0,∞) SFBool [in,out] rtpHeaderExpected FALSE SFInt32 [in,out] sampleRate 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] samples 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] siteID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] tdlType 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] whichGeometry 1 [-1,∞) SFFloat [in,out] writeInterval 1.0 [0,∞) SFBool [out] isActive SFBool [out] isNetworkReader SFBool [out] isNetworkWriter SFBool [out] isRtpHeaderHeard SFBool [out] isStandAlone SFTime [out] timestamp SFVec3f [] bboxCenter 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxSize -1 -1 -1 [0,∞) or −1 −1 −1 }
SignalPdu is an X3DChildNode node, and also implements the X3DBoundedObject interface. Transmission of voice, audio or other data is communicated by issuing a Signal PDU from the SignalPdu node. Fields in the SignalPdu node that were not previously described in Common DIS Fields are: radioID, encodingScheme, tdlType, sampleRate, dataLength, samples, data, andwhichGeometry.
The radioID field identifies a particular radio within a given entity (entityID). The radioID (16-bit unsigned integer) is assigned sequentially, starting with 1. The combination of Entity ID and Radio ID uniquely identify a radio within a simulation exercise. The encodingScheme field (16-bit enumeration) designates both an Encoding Class enumerated value (2 most significant bits):
0 = Encoded Voice;
1 = Raw Binary Data;
2 = Application-Specific Data;
3 = Database Index.
and an Encoding Type enumerated value (14 least significant bits):
1 = 8-bit mu-law;
2 = CDSD per MIL-STD-188-113;
3 = ADPCM per CCITT G.721;
4 = 16-bit linear PCM;
5 = 8-bit linear PCM;
6 = Vector Quantization.
The tdlType field (16-bit enumeration) specifies the Tactical Data
Link (TDL) type as an enumerated value when the Encoding Class is
voice, raw binary, application-specific,
or database index representation of a TDL message. The field is set
to zero when it is not representing a TDL message.
The sampleRate field (32-bit unsigned integer) gives either (1) the
sample rate in samples per second if the Encoding Class is encoded
audio or (2) the data rate in bits per second for data transmissions. If
the Encoding Class is database index, sampleRate is set to
zero.
The samples field (16-bit unsigned integer) gives the number of
samples in the PDU if the Encoding Class is encoded voice;
otherwise, the field is set to zero.
The dataLength field (16-bit unsigned integer) specifies the number of
bits of digital voice audio or digital data being sent in the Signal PDU. If the
Encoding Class is database index, the dataLength field is
set to the value 96.
The data field specifies the audio or digital data conveyed by the radio transmission. The interpretation of the field depends on the value of the encodingScheme and tdlType fields. Refer to the DIS Standard (2.[IEEE1278]) for details.
The whichGeometry field indicates to the rendering software what geometry to draw for the SignalPdu node: −1 for no geometry; 0 for text trace; 1 for default geometry for this node. Additional alternative geometry modes may optionally be supported by browsers. Lack of support for higher modes reverts to whichGeometry value of 1.
The bboxCenter and bboxSize fields (of the X3DBoundedObject interface) specify the center and size, respectively, of a cube bounding the display geometry (if any) for this node.
TransmitterPdu: X3DSensorNode, X3DBoundedObject { SFString [in,out] address "localhost" SFVec3f [in,out] antennaLocation 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] antennaPatternLength 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] antennaPatternType 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] applicationID 1 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] cryptoKeyID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] cryptoSystem 0 [0,65535] SFBool [in,out] enabled TRUE SFInt32 [in,out] entityID 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] frequency 0 SFInt32 [in,out] inputSource 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] lengthOfModulationParameters 0 [0,255] SFNode [in,out] metadata NULL [X3DMetadataObject] SFInt32 [in,out] modulationTypeDetail 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] modulationTypeMajor 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] modulationTypeSpreadSpectrum 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] modulationTypeSystem 0 [0,65535] SFString [in,out] multicastRelayHost "" SFInt32 [in,out] multicastRelayPort 0 SFString [in,out] networkMode "standAlone" ["standAlone" "networkReader" "networkWriter"] SFInt32 [in,out] port 0 [0,65535] SFFloat [in,out] power 0.0 [0,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] radioEntityTypeCategory 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] radioEntityTypeCountry 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] radioEntityTypeDomain 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] radioEntityTypeKind 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] radioEntityTypeNomenclature 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] radioEntityTypeNomenclatureVersion 0 [0,65535] SFInt32 [in,out] radioID 0 [0,255] SFFloat [in,out] readInterval 0.1 [0,∞) SFVec3f [in,out] relativeAntennaLocation 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFBool [in,out] rtpHeaderExpected FALSE SFInt32 [in,out] siteID 0 [0,65535] SFFloat [in,out] transmitFrequencyBandwidth 0.0 (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] transmitState 0 [0,255] SFInt32 [in,out] whichGeometry 1 [-1,∞) SFFloat [in,out] writeInterval 1.0 [0,∞) SFBool [out] isActive FALSE SFBool [out] isNetworkReader FALSE SFBool [out] isNetworkWriter FALSE SFBool [out] isRtpHeaderHeard FALSE SFBool [out] isStandAlone FALSE SFTime [out] timestamp 0 SFVec3f [] bboxCenter 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxSize -1 -1 -1 [0,∞) [0,∞) [0,∞) or −1 −1 −1 }
TransmitterPdu is an X3DChildNode node, and also implements the X3DBoundedObject interface. The TransmitterPdu provides detailed information about a radio transmitter. Fields in the TransmitterPdu node that were not previously described in Common DIS Fields are: radioID, radioEntityTypeKind, radioEntityTypeDomain, radioEntityTypeCountry, radioEntityTypeCategory, radioEntityTypeNomenclature, radioEntityTypeNomenclatureVersion, transmitState, inputSource, antennaLocation, antennaPatternType, antennaPatternLength, frequency, transmitFrequencyBandwidth, power, modulationTypeSpreadSpectrum, modulationTypeMajor, modulationTypeDetail, modulationTypeSystem, lengthOfModulationParameters, cryptoSystem, cryptoKeyID, relativeAntennaLocation, and whichGeometry.
The radioID field identifies a particular radio within a given entity (entityID). The radioID (16-bit unsigned integer) is assigned sequentially, starting with 1. The combination of Entity ID and Radio ID uniquely identify a radio within a simulation exercise.
The radio entity type is described by a combination of fields: radioEntityTypeKind, radioEntityTypeDomain, radioEntityTypeCountry, radioEntityTypeCategory, radioEntityTypeNomenclatureVersion, and radioEntityTypeNomenclature. The radioEntityTypeKind is an 8-bit enumeration (eg value of 7 indicates Entity Kind of "Radio"). The radioEntityTypeDomain field (8-bit enumeration) designates the domain of operation of the radio enumerated value:
0 = other;
1 = land;
2 = air;
3 = surface;
4 = subsurface;
5 = space.
The radioEntityTypeCountry field (16-bit enumeration) identifies the country to which the design of the radio entity is attributed (see 2.[IEEE1278]).
The radioEntityTypeCategory field (8-bit enumeration) specifies the main category describing the radio entity. The radioEntityTypeNomenclature (16-bit enumeration) specifies the nomenclature for a particular communications device. Nomenclatures are a combination of letters and/or numbers arranged in a specific sequence to provide a short method of identification. The radioEntityTypeNomenclatureVersion field designates the specific modification or individual unit type of a series and/or family of equipment.
The transmitterState field (8-bit enumeration) indicates the operational state of the transmitter entity enumerated value:
0 = off;
1 = on but not transmitting;
2 = on and transmitting.
The inputSource (8-bit enumeration) specifies which position or data port in the entity utilizing the radio is providing the input audio or data being transmitted enumerated value:
0 = other;
1 = pilot;
2 = copilot;
3 = first officer;
4 = driver; 5 = loader;
6 = gunner;
7 = commander;
8 = digital data device;
9 = intercom.
The antennaLocation field provides the location of the transmitter antenna in the DIS coordinate system. Note that the DIS specification allocates 64-bit floating point values for the components of the antenna location vector, whereas it is represented here as SFVec3f for maximmum interoperability with X3D. The relativeAntennaLocation field provides an offset from the location of the transmitter entity to simulate placement of antennas some distance from the transmitter equipment.
The antennaPatternType field (16-bit enumeration) indicates the type of representation for the radiation pattern from the antenna enumerated value:
0 = omnidirectional;
1 = beam;
2 = spherical harmonic.
The value of this field determines the interpretation of the Antenna Pattern Parameter field of the DIS Transmitter PDU. The antennaPatternLength field (16-bit unsigned integer) specifies the length of the Antenna Pattern Parameters field in octets (value is a multiple of 8).
The frequency field specifies the center frequency (in Hertz) being used by the radio for transmission. Note that the DIS specification allocates a 64-bit unsigned integer to represent frequency values, whereas it is limited to SFInt32 in X3D. The transmitFrequencyBandwidth (32-bit floating point) identifies the bandpass of the transmitting radio entity. The power field (32-bit floating point) provides the average power (in units of dBm) of the radio entity transmission.
Information about the type of modulation used for radio transmission is represented in the Transmitter PDU by several fields. These fields identify the signal parameters that are used to determine whether two radios may interoperate. The modulationTypeSpreadSpectrum field indicates the spread spectrum technique or combination of techniques in use enumerated value:
0 = frequency hopping;
1 = pseudo-noise;
2 = time hopping;
3-15 are to be determined.
The modulationTypeMajor (16-bit enumeration) provides the major classification of the modulation type enumerated value:
0 = other;
1 = amplitude;
2 = amplitude and angle;
3 = angle;
4 = combination;
5 = pulse;
6 = unmodulated.
The modulationTypeDetail field (16-bit enumerations) contains detailed information depending on the Major Modulation Type (modulationTypeMajor). The modulationTypeSystem field (16-bit enumeration) specifies the interpretation of the modulation parameter field(s) in the Transmitter PDU (enumerated value):
0 = other;
1 = generic;
2 = HQ;
3 = HQII;
4 = HQIIA;
5 = SINCGARS;
6 = CCTT SINCGARS.
The cryptoSystem field (16-bit enumeration) identifies the crypto equipment used enumerated value:
- (negative) = other;
1 = KY-28;
2 = KY-58;
3 = Narrow Spectrum Secure Voice (NSVE);
4 = Wide Spectrum Secure Voice (WSVE);
5 = SINCGARS ICOM.
The cryptoKeyID field (16-bit unsigned integer) indicates whether the crypto equipment is in the baseband encryption mode or the diphase encryption mode (high order bit of the 16-bit field) and provides the key identifier (lower order 15 bits). If the key identifiers of the transmitter and receiver match, they are considered to be using the same encryption key (note that this is not an actual crypto key).
The whichGeometry field indicates to the rendering software what geometry to draw for the TransmitterPdu node: −1 for no geometry; 0 for text trace; 1 for default geometry for this node. Additional alternative geometry modes may optionally be supported by browsers. Lack of support for higher modes reverts to whichGeometry value of 1.
The bboxCenter and bboxSize fields (of the X3DBoundedObject interface) specify the center and size, respectively, of a cube bounding the display geometry (if any) for this node.
28.4 Support levelsThe DIS component provides one level of support as specified in Table 28.2.
Table 28.2 — DIS component support levels
| Level | Prerequisites | Nodes/Features | Support |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Core 1 Time 1 Grouping 3 Networking 3 Rendering 1 Shape 1 Geometry3D 1 Interpolator 1 Point device sensor 1 Navigation 1 |
||
| EspduTransform | All fields fully supported | ||
| ReceiverPDU | All fields fully supported | ||
| SignalPDU | All fields fully supported | ||
| TransmitterPDU | All fields fully supported |